Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU)

The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) was first published in June 2003 by the Center for World-Class Universities (CWCU), Graduate School of Education (formerly the Institute of Higher Education) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, and updated on an annual basis. Since 2009 the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) has been published and copyrighted by ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. ShanghaiRanking Consultancy is a fully independent organization on higher education intelligence and not legally subordinated to any universities or government agencies. ARWU uses six objective indicators to rank world universities, including the number of alumni and staff winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals, number of highly cited researchers selected by Clarivate, number of articles published in journals of Nature and Science, number of articles indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index in the Web of Science, and per capita performance of a university. More than 2500 universities are actually ranked by ARWU every year and the best 1000 are published.

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1000 Institutions

World Rank	Institution	National/Regional Rank	Total Score	Alumni The total number of the alumni of an institution winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals. Alumni are defined as those who obtain bachelor's, master's or doctoral degrees from the institution. Different weights are set according to the periods of obtaining degrees. The weight is 100% for alumni obtaining degrees after 2011, 90% for alumni obtaining degrees in 2001-2010, 80% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1991-2000, and so on, and finally 10% for alumni obtaining degrees in 1921-1930. If a person obtains more than one degree from an institution, the institution is considered once only. (Read full Methodology)	Award The total number of the staff of an institution winning Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine and Economics and Fields Medal in Mathematics. Staff is defined as those who work at an institution at the time of winning the prize. Different weights are set according to the periods of winning the prizes. The weight is 100% for winners after 2011, 90% for winners in 2001-2010, 80% for winners in 1991-2000, 70% for winners in 1981-1990, and so on, and finally 10% for winners in 1921-1930. If a winner is affiliated with more than one institution, each institution is assigned the reciprocal of the number of institutions. For Nobel prizes, if a prize is shared by more than one person, weights are set for winners according to their proportion of the prize. (Read full Methodology)	HiCi The number of Highly Cited Researchers selected by Clarivate. The Highly Cited Researchers list issued in November 2020 was used for the calculation of HiCi indicator in ARWU 2021. Only the primary affiliations of Highly Cited Researchers are considered. (Read full Methodology)	N&S The number of papers published in Nature and Science between 2016 and 2020. To distinguish the order of author affiliation, a weight of 100% is assigned for corresponding author affiliation, 50% for first author affiliation (second author affiliation if the first author affiliation is the same as corresponding author affiliation), 25% for the next author affiliation, and 10% for other author affiliations. When there are more than one corresponding author addresses, we consider the first corresponding author address as the corresponding author address and consider other corresponding author addresses as first author address, second author address etc. following the order of the author addresses. Only publications of 'Article' type are considered. (Read full Methodology)	PUB Total number of papers indexed in Science Citation Index-Expanded and Social Science Citation Index in 2020. Only publications of 'Article' type are considered. When calculating the total number of papers of an institution, a special weight of two was introduced for papers indexed in Social Science Citation Index. (Read full Methodology)	PCP The weighted scores of the above five indicators divided by the number of full-time equivalent academic staff give PCP scores. If the number of academic staff for institutions of a country cannot be obtained, the weighted scores of the above five indicators are used. For ARWU 2021, the numbers of full-time equivalent academic staff are obtained for institutions in USA, UK, Chinese Mainland, France, Canada, Japan, Italy, Australia, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Belgium, South Korea, Czechia, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Austria, Norway, Poland, Israel etc. (Read full Methodology)
1	Harvard University Harvard University United States	1	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	80.5
2	Stanford University Stanford University United States	2	75.9	45.0	91.3	75.1	79.0	76.4	55.1
3	University of Cambridge University of Cambridge United Kingdom	1	70.6	78.8	98.2	50.0	57.9	71.3	58.7
4	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) United States	3	69.5	71.6	85.1	53.1	70.0	61.8	70.1
5	University of California, Berkeley University of California, Berkeley United States	4	66.0	63.8	80.0	57.4	64.8	61.3	55.9
6	Princeton University Princeton University United States	5	59.7	58.0	97.9	37.9	49.0	43.1	71.2
7	University of Oxford University of Oxford United Kingdom	2	59.2	48.0	58.0	52.6	53.9	78.6	46.1
8	Columbia University Columbia University United States	6	58.0	58.5	65.8	48.9	52.9	71.4	32.1
9	California Institute of Technology California Institute of Technology United States	7	57.9	53.9	69.1	39.3	56.6	42.1	100.0
10	University of Chicago University of Chicago United States	8	54.7	57.7	88.2	39.3	40.8	49.7	42.8
11	Yale University Yale University United States	9	53.6	48.3	52.8	51.6	50.0	65.7	37.6
12	Cornell University Cornell University United States	10	50.3	41.7	48.1	46.7	51.1	58.8	42.3
13	Paris-Saclay University Paris-Saclay University France	1	49.4	27.9	74.6	42.5	30.2	65.1	31.9
14	University of California, Los Angeles University of California, Los Angeles United States	11	48.9	27.2	47.7	46.1	46.8	71.1	29.3
15	University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania United States	12	47.8	32.9	32.7	49.5	43.9	72.2	39.7
16	Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins University United States	13	47.6	37.7	36.5	47.3	41.3	74.9	28.6
17	University College London University College London United Kingdom	3	47.3	27.7	35.0	46.7	37.4	82.2	33.1
18	University of California, San Diego University of California, San Diego United States	14	46.3	18.5	34.3	54.6	47.2	65.6	32.3
19	University of Washington University of Washington United States	15	46.2	23.3	36.7	42.5	47.6	74.3	27.5
20	University of California, San Francisco University of California, San Francisco United States	16	44.6	0.0	38.6	49.5	52.1	63.1	30.9
21	ETH Zurich ETH Zurich Switzerland	1	44.4	27.2	44.8	27.3	52.0	56.6	47.0
22	University of Toronto University of Toronto Canada	1	41.3	16.9	16.6	37.2	39.1	84.7	32.7
23	Washington University in St. Louis Washington University in St. Louis United States	17	40.7	21.4	24.1	53.6	38.1	54.2	37.7
24	The University of Tokyo The University of Tokyo Japan	1	40.6	35.8	24.5	27.3	43.7	70.9	29.2
25	Imperial College London Imperial College London United Kingdom	4	40.5	13.1	34.6	37.2	35.0	66.1	38.3
26	University of Michigan - Ann Arbor University of Michigan - Ann Arbor United States	18	40.1	34.6	10.2	37.9	39.7	79.9	23.7
27	New York University New York University United States	19	39.6	27.2	36.9	35.7	35.6	61.9	21.1
28	Tsinghua University Tsinghua University China	1	39.5	9.2	0.0	54.1	42.9	78.2	27.2
29	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill United States	20	38.1	7.5	22.9	47.8	32.1	63.2	33.8
30	University of Copenhagen University of Copenhagen Denmark	1	37.7	19.2	18.2	35.0	37.4	67.4	34.8

* Institutions within the same rank range are listed alphabetically.

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